IB History IA Essay Example

IB History IA Paper Memoirs and History journals a re mostly used to analyze the torture methods of the French. Two Of the sources used in the essay, The Question a written memoir by Henry Allege, The Battle of the Casaba written by General Paul Secretaries will then be evaluated for their origins,purposes, values, and limitations. Word Count: 124 3 B. Summary of Evidence There were roughly 60,000 French troops in Algeria when the war began on t he night of November 1, 1954. Battle of Algiers, one of the bloodiest battles of the war began on September 30, 1956 and lasted until the 24th of September the following year, 1957. There were roughly FL N casualties (dead or missing), and 300 dead, 900 wounded French casualty sees. ; On July 3,1962 France recognized Algeria as an independent country. At the end of the war there were roughly 25,000 French casualties (killed in AC Zion,accidents,or by disease, 3,600 European civilian deaths (killed or missing) , 155,000 Algeria n casualties (ALAN) , and roughly 50,000 Muslim casualties, 2. The PLAN Windrow, M. (2013). Algerian War 1 95462. Osprey Publishing (part of Random House Publisher Services). The FLY (The army of National Liberation) called for general insurrection in N bomber, 1954. The FLY was a movement that was created from previous nationalist factions. ; The regional leader for Algeria was Rabat Bit. ; The FL N was divided into autonomous polychromatic commands, or Waylays . Each Wilily was made up of senior officers or commanders. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on IB History IA specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on IB History IA specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on IB History IA specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer French Army By 1 955, the French army had roughly 74,000 troops in Algeria and it grew to about 1 05,000 after reinforcements were called in July of that year. 4 They were divided in 3 corps commands all over Algeria (The corps dreamer d Roan, dealer, and De Constantine. About 20,000 Muslims and 20,000 conscripts served in Algeria in Derailleur info try regiments and autonomous battalions. 4. French Torture and Terrorism ; Outdoor, T. , Denned, A. (2007). Torture in the Algerian War. South Central Review, 24 1826. Page 19 Colonel Roger Trinities admitted that the use of torture was necessary at Tim especially when many lives were at stake: Imagine, he says, that you have just arrested a bomber who has planted five time bombs and you find out that they have be en set to go off in three hours. Basically, you have a choice: you can be polite and ask the bomb ere nicely to tell you where he put the bombs, but if you do that, you may wind up with forty d dead and two endured wounded people on your hands; or you can torture him to find out where the bombs are so that you can deactivate them. If its up to me, Im going to interrogate him until he tells me what I want to know. 1826. Page 20 According to the article The main use of torture is to identify and eliminate the enemy ; it is far more commonly used for that purpose than to prevent an IM eminent attack (although admittedly, one can make a more compelling case, at least rhetoric ally, by citing the latter goal. The French did not torture the e nemy for just answers but to try and eliminate e them while acquiring information. Cohen, W. (2001 The Sudden Memory of Torture: The Algerian War in French Discourse, 20002001. French Politics, Culture Society, 19 8294. They [Algerian] kill one French soldier , we kill 10 Algerian. 5 Cohen, W. (2001). The Sudden Memory of Torture: The Algerian War in French (3), 8294. The French had many ways of torturing Algerian prisoners , for example a French draftee describes how the y would use a method of electricity, The French would electrocute the prisoners testicles an d keep doing so until he gave enough information which than he would be shot. The torture techniques during the AR was seen as Magazine.

Flier vs. Flyer

Flier vs. Flyer Flier vs. Flyer Flier vs. Flyer By Mark Nichol Whether you post a flier or a flyer depends on whether you’re assigning a pilot to an air base or tacking a piece of paper to a bulletin board. Flyer, first attested hundreds of years ago, was the original agent-noun form of fly, with the obvious meaning of â€Å"something that flies.† Later, however, it came to be associated with swift objects, whether airborne or not. This description was widely employed to refer to various vehicles, including trains, planes, and automobiles, as well as boats and ships (and even a submarine, although the name was spelled Flier). Flyer is also another name for the architectural feature usually called the flying buttress, and it’s the appellation of hockey teams in the United States and throughout northern Europe. In addition, it is used in the sense of financial speculation (because such action is compared to a leap of faith), such as in the phrase â€Å"take a flyer.† However, although that spelling was commonly used as a synonym for pilot (though not until a quarter century after the advent of mechanized flight), the alternate spelling, for some reason, came to predominate in referring to airplane passengers hence, â€Å"frequent-flier miles.† Long before aviation as we know it first occurred, however, flyer, initially a slang term, became a widespread term for a single sheet of paper posted to advertise or inform. (One source mentions that it was first used to refer to notices in police stations, and that the term was associated with widespread dissemination analogous to a flock of birds taking flight.) Although both spellings are used for this sense, flyer is more common, as flier is the usual spelling in reference to air travel. Interestingly, two American authorities, Bryan A. Garner, author of Garner’s Modern American Usage, and the Associated Press Stylebook, recommend flier for all senses; however, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary allows that flyer is more common when referring to a leaflet, and popular usage bears this out. Analogous agent nouns are split in their spelling: Cry becomes crier (though cryer appears in some sources to refer to a court officer who makes proclamations and to a female hawk), but dry becomes dryer and fry becomes fryer. Prier, slier, and sprier are the preferred comparatives of pry, sly, and spry, but pryer, slyer, and spryer are acceptable. My recommendation for flyer/flier? I’m siding with Merriam-Webster’s, as usual: Pilots and passengers are fliers, and pamphlets are flyers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of PhrasesLatin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowPunctuation Is Powerful

The Main Factors Which Influence Customer Buying Decision Essay

The Main Factors Which Influence Customer Buying Decision - Essay Example A fall in the price of a product will result to an increase in the quantity of a product purchased, however these depends on the price elasticity of a product. If a product is price elastic and this means that the price elasticity of the good is more than one, then the products demand will rise at a greater proportion than the rise in price. If the price elasticity of a product is less than one then the demand for the product will not rise at a greater proportion than the price. 1 The price of substitutes also play a major role in determining the consumers purchasing behaviour, in a situation where a substitute of a product is less expensive, then the consumer will purchase the substitute example margarine and butter are substitutes, if the price of butter goes up then the consumer will purchase margarine. Under the price of a product we will also consider the risk associated with buying a certain product, the more expensive a product is the higher the risk and the higher the consequ ences of making the wrong decision, buyers will also consider the scrap value of and mostly this is associated with vehicle and machinery product, products with very high prices and low scrap value will be less preferred. Another consideration is the price of the complimentary good, if the price of the complementary good is hi... tary good, if the price of the complementary good is high then a consumer will be less likely to purchase the product, a good example is petroleum products and vehicles, if the price of petroleum products is too high then the consumer will less be likely to purchase a vehicle, this can associated with the running cost of the product to be purchased will be high and therefore a rational consumer will not purchase the product with high running cost.2 Future expectations about changes in prices will also influence the buying decisions of consumers, if consumers expect a rise in price in the future for a certain product then they will tend to purchase that good in large quantities to avoid high prices of the product in the future, example if a consumer expects the price level of sugar to rise in the near future then he will purchase the sugar in large quantities today to avoid the future rise in price. Therefore the price of a product is a factor that influences the consumer buying decision, the consumer will purchase goods rationally to optimise on his real income and also maximise his utility, prices of substitute and complementary goods play a role in consumers decision making on what to buy and in what quantity.3 INCOME: Income is also another major factor that influence the buying decisions of consumers, the consumers disposable income play a major role in determining what to buy and in what quantities, however this depends on the income elasticity of a certain product, if the consumers disposable income increases and that the income elasticity of demand for that good is greater than one then the proportional rise in the demand for t hat product is greater than the rise in income levels.

ENVS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ENVS - Essay Example Shifts in the major aspects of the climate have been monitored over time and include amount of energy produced by the sun, variations in the earth’s orbit, patterns of ocean circulations and wide-reaching disruptions caused by meteor impacts and volcano eruptions. These shifts have led to trapping of heat in the atmosphere of the earth causing destruction of the ozone layer and ecosystems. To some extent, these shifts that typically occur in extremity have resulted in migration to already populated areas. This in turn causes land degradation, as the population over relies on agriculture and uses trees as sources of energy. This also boosts the greenhouse effects, as carbon-rich soils are destroyed leading to a release of carbon into the atmosphere. Causes Cutting trees is a major contributor of global warming in that it is because of trees that a substantial amount of carbon dioxide in the environment is absorbed and in turn converted to oxygen. Academic studies have shown tha t trees in tropical zones absorb about 18% of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities from burning fossil fuels. This exemplary study shows how global warming is directly related to cutting of trees, as without trees there is an increase in the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to an increase in temperature globally by creating a blanket that prevents the escape of heat. With this in mind, these trees ensure that there is a balance in the atmospheric temperature by moderating the amount of carbon dioxide available in the air (Richardson). In addition, cutting trees has severe consequences that contribute directly to global warming through a complex series of events. This is because cutting of trees, also known as deforestation is part of the reason why there is climate change through the effects of loss of moisture from the ground and trees and into the environment causing it to be dry. This change in the water cycle leads to desertification, in which c ase forests die without having to cut the trees in the forest, but trees cut elsewhere (Oak). This is to mean that there is more carbon dioxide than the remaining trees and forests can handle leading to a high buildup of carbon dioxide and increased temperatures. The above events relate to the mountains in that the high temperatures affect the mountains due to the presence of water stored on the ice caps as snow. The high temperatures melt the snowcaps leading to an increased rate of discharge in the water stored in the mountains causing the retention of water in then mountain to be low (Benniston 4). This works hand in hand with the forest found around mountains in that they act as water catchment areas, where cutting of trees accelerates global warming, and causes the flow of water from the icecaps to be a lot faster than how it should when there are trees to compensate for the high amount of carbon produced by human activities. Air pollution also has profound effects in the relat ionship between global warming and the influence air pollution on mountains and forests. This is because air pollution occurs in many ways that affect all living things, especially plants, where the trees found in forests are part. With this is in mind, pollution of the air emanating from

DiscussionAnalyzing Cost of Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DiscussionAnalyzing Cost of Capital - Essay Example In order to reduce this and attain an optimum capital structure the firm needs to determine the combinations of equity and debt that minimize the W.A.C.C. The effective use of that capital should also be considered, as there would be no need of accumulating large amounts of capital without necessary considerations of the projects that are supposed to be undertaken. The company should also consider the cost of raising the particular capital that it deems appropriate. This is measured by the marginal cost of capital. . To obtain finance a company will pay implicit costs which are commonly known as floatation costs (Rosemary, 2012). These include: Underwriting commission, Brokerage costs, cost of printing a prospectus, Commission costs, legal fees, audit costs, cost of printing share certificates, advertising costs etc. For debt there are legal fees, valuation costs (i.e. security, audit fees, Bankers commission etc.). The company needs to determine the combination of capital items that will minimize to a large extent the marginal cost of capital (M.C.C). The company also needs to consider leverage. This is the amount of debt used to finance a firm’s assets. A firm with significantly more debt than equity is considered to be more leveraged. A high degree of leverage increases the financial risk the company faces, as it may not be able to refinance such debt, leading to insolvency (Rosemary, 2012). An optimum capital structure needs has lower amounts of financial risk and sustainable levels of

Business Plan To Open Retail Store In Bihar Marketing Essay

Business Plan To Open Retail Store In Bihar Marketing Essay We are planning to open Wedding attire and accessories shop named as VIVHA UTSAV in Patna.VIVHA UTSAV is the Wedding attire and accessories shop for brides like no other. While most retail bridal Shops focus on selling Wedding dresses and Accessories for Bride only, we will cater to the mothers of bride, mother of groom, her friends and sisters. Because there is majority of Hindus in Bihar so we will provide dresses and accessories mainly for Hindu brides. OBJECTIVES 1) The primary objective is to provide one-stop-shopping for the wedding. 2) To make wedding shopping easy and enjoyable. 3) To attain a position in Bihar as we have in other states in this sector. MISSION VIVHA UTSAV is a boutique that will provide attire and accessories for not only bride but also for her relatives and friends also. We believe in providing excellent and superior services and making shopping a relaxed and pleasurable experience. We also believe in providing a professional and enjoyable environment to our employees so that they are motivated to be trustworthy and valuable resources to our customer. VISION We want to provide best product and shopping experience to the customer. We want to build strong and long term relationships with our customer. Type of Retailer It will be a specialty store catering only the market for wedding shopping. The attire and accessories will only be for bride and the female member attending marriage. 2) PRODUCTS . We will carry the following different products both the traditional and modern for Wedding occasion which customers can buy according to the way they want:- LEHNGA CHOLIS and SAREES 1) BY TYPE a) Designer lehnga choli: Designner wedding lehnags and sarees , custom made designer lehnga choli and sarees , Crepe designer lehngas and sarees etc. b) Traditional Lehnga Choli:- Traditional Indian cholis, Bandhej lehngas, Bandhni sarees, Tie-dye traditional sarees, c) Embroided Lehngas:- Zari Lehngas and sarees, Kundan Lehngas and sarees ,Trendy sequins lehngas and sarees wear, fancy Neemzari Cholis Kashmiri Work dress. d) Fish cut lehngas cholis, mermaid style, and Circular lehnga choli 2) By Fabric Georgette lehnga choli and sarees,Crepe Lehnga Choli and sarees, Silk Lehnga Choli and sarees, Net lehnga Choli and sarees, Satin lehnga choli and Sarees, Brocade lehnga choli and sarees, Tissue lehnga choli and sarees 3) BY Price and colors: Customer can buy according to different financial rang and colors. JWELLERY and OTHER ACCESSORIES a) Wedding necklace for bride and her relatives and friends. They can have Kundan, Pearl, Studded, Polki, Victorian, Beaded Necklaces and many more. b) Gleaming earrings: Fashion earrings, Hoop Earrings, Long Earrings, top earrings and may more. c) Designer bangles: Adjustable bangles, Fashion bangles, Gold bangles, Stone bangles, Studded bangles and many more. d) American studded jewellary, Antique jewellary, Designer Chains, Gorgeous Bracelets, Scintillating Pendants, Beautiful anklets, Nose rings e) Hair accessories, Footwear and Bags. 3) MARKETING PLAN For the past three years, there are over 25 thousand Weddings annually in Bihar, 35 hundred of which are in Patna. The average cost of a wedding in Patna is near about Rs.10lakh to 15 lakh in high class society and Rs.3 to 5 lakh in mediocre families and it has been increasing consistently by 5% each year. It has highest per capita gross domestic product in Bihar, which is better than the most of the metropolitan area in India. In 2009, World Bank ranked Patna as second best city in India to start a business. There many fashion and designer boutique in Patna and all of them are locally owned, single-unit operation. However there is increasing no of players entering in this sector but primary focus of these shops is to provide dresses and accessories for all occasion, no one provide accessories and dresses specially for wedding only. So the market is currently missing a place to find out a good selection of all the items for wedding together at one place. Target market:- We are going to cater the Hindus because they are the majority. The target market is brides, brides mother, grooms mother, bride and grooms sisters, brides friends. Wedding dress and accessories on average comprise about 6.8% of the total wedding expenditure, while attire and accessories for mother sister and friends comprises 7.1% of the total wedding expenditure. So we are also focusing on this 7.1% along with the 6.8%.People have joint families mostly in Bihar and Patna also. So a wedding generally have 2 mothers, 6-10 sisters and friends. Trends in Target market Because of the enhanced livelihood in Patna people dont mind to spend high amount to make the wedding a memorable one, because it is the one time function. People there are now moving toward modernization. They want to have the marriage both in traditional and modern way. Brides, her sister and friends now wanted to wear each accessory matching with their dresses. It is possible only if they shop from the same place. Positioning Strategy Our store will be positioned in customer mind with its name VIVHA UTSAV Wedding Shop. Any who will hear or see this name, ultimately come know that it is a store for wedding shopping. Sales Strategy Our sales strategy is designed in that way that it will lead to close the deal. When a customer will enter in our shop, she will feel that her place in wedding and needs are very important for us. We will make an environment in which shopping for other items will be as significant as the experience of shopping for wedding attire. At Vivha utsav other wedding parties like mother, sister and friends will also gain equal importance and attention as the bride receives. Market Share Initially our market share will be low or modest.But it is expected to grow at a good rate because of our unique niche the Vivha Utsav is targeting SWOT ANALYSIS Strength 1) It is the only store of its own type. While most of the boutiques focus on selling only wedding dresses, we give importance to other items also. 2) We will provide different attendants to bride, mothers, sisters and friends so that they can buy the most appropriate dress and accessories for themselves. 3) Our wide range of clothing style, designer and accessories. Weakness:- 1) We are planning to cater only the market for brides and her female relatives and friends not the groom wear market. so we may not get the attention of some customer because of this reason. 2) Wedding business is a seasonal business. We will have small no of foot falls in the off season Opportunity 1) Increasing trend of buying designer wedding dresses and accessories. 2) At our shop along with bridal dress and accessory focus is on other items also. Our customer will be offered a wide selection of their desired attire, and their needs will be our primary focus. Threats 1) Competitors who already exist in the market may have prices lower than our products. 2) People who already had a wedding in the past may prefer to go to boutique from where they bought in past. Promotional strategy 1) We will start with standard print and online listings in wedding media.We will advertise through local newspaper, matrimonial sites, local weddinh publications 2) We will carry some wedding shows so that the customer can have a look on what we are going to provide them. 3) We will build relationships with marriage consultants, who can refer us to the customer for wedding shopping. 4) We will register ourselves in yellow pages under the bridal sector, so this will act as a standard source for customer to find us. 5) We will also have a website so that the customer who wants to know more about us before shop at our can have all the information which she wants. They can also know about store location and store time. Those who are unable to physically come to place an order can place the order online. 4) OPERATIONAL PLAN Location: We will locate our store in downtown Patna; because of its daily activities it will draw a large no of foot falls into the area. It is a destination shopping area .It also the hub of public transportation and there is high level of pedestrian traffic and it also has a good no of residents living in the area. We have selected the corner of a main intersection with free parking. Store layout: Our store will be two story building. First floor will be for carry dresses and accessories for brides mother, her sister and friends. Second floor will be carrying the dresses and accessories for bride. On both the floor there will be changing and dressing room. Store layout will be free from. It will provide an Intimate, Relaxing environment that will facilitate shopping and Browsing. We will place fixtures holding the latest styles along the perimeter of the stores layout. Flooring and lighting will clearly differentiate the different product areas. The cash counter will be at the exit of the store. Key Supplier We will make contract with different designer, manufacturer of fabrics; different items need to decorate the dresses and other accessories. Other supplier will be for sewing machines, embroidery machine, needles, threads etc. Credit Policy We will not sell anything on credit. When a dress will being made to order, a fifty percent, non refundable deposit will be required. Once the dress is ready, the customer will have to pay the entire due amount before taking the dress from the store. This policy is applied on all other items also. Store management: Vivha Utsav will conduct business on weekdays from 9 am to 6 pm and on weekends from 10am to 8 pm. We will have work force including store manager, receptionist, cashier and part time sales associates, who all will be females only, because some customers may feel uncomfortable in the presence of male employee. The store will have three sales associate on weekdays and five sales associate on weekends to avoid problem of traffic in store. Moreover before coming to the store to get the dress and accessories customers will have to take appointment. This will also help avoiding the traffic problem. Sales associate will be paid on hourly bases and the store manager and receptionist will be paid monthly. The working hours will be increased at the season time to accommodate the planned increase in sales, so as their salaries will also increase. Some sales goals will be set for all the employees and when the employees will achieve those goals they will be rewarded monrtarily .To achieve those goals employees will need to do the following things:- a) Pay attention to the customer: customers need to be acknowledges right from the time they enter in the store because everyone, who will step in our store, will be preparing for the big event. They need to be taken seriously immediately because they will not be in our store for fun or casual purpose. b) Keep customer focused: The process of choosing bridal attire and accessories can be a longer one, because it is a very important purchase and there are so many variables like colors, type, fabric etc. so if the sale representative will navigate the customer efficiently through the process it can lead to the desired outcome. c) We will not only sell goods but will also sell shopping experience. Because wedding purchase especially bridal attires are as very emotionally attached and memorable process for bride, her mother and friends. So the employees should try to satisfy them in all possible manners so that the experience becomes a positive one so that they recommend us to their friends and relative for wedding purchase. Merchandising Management The dresses and other accessories will be sold on made-to order basis. So a sample of each product of each style will be kept in store so that customer can try on. If however a customer is satisfied with the floor design she can purchase that product. We will contact the designer who set minimums that is we require purchasing a certain number of sample products. We will keep track of our entire sales in computers in terms of no of times particular is purchased, which type of product is most demanding etc. If some items are selling poorly, they will be discounted, sold off rack or will be replaced by new items. 5) Financial Plan Requirements We will need Rs.50 lakh to get our business off the ground. We are currently seeking funding from outside investors and business loans. In the starting we will raise Rs.15 lakh in equity capital. We are seeking investors for additional Rs. 25 lakh and Rs 10 lakh in loans. Use of Funds Funds will be used to pay for renovations, construction of fitting rooms, sales counter, painting, carpeting, lighting, and dà ©cor and display fixtures. We will also purchase inventory computers, a cash register and inventory management system. The remaining of the Startup funds will be utilized to cover operating expenses, such as rent, utilities, marketing, costs and wages. Profitloss projection Based on our marketing plans, location, store size and product offerings we expect to collect annual sales of Rs.5040000 in 1st year. Our average cost of goods sold will be 40%, which leaves us with a gross margin of 60%.Our monthly fixed cost is estimated to be Rs 113125, so we will need to generate sales of Rs 4, 20,000 monthly to reach the breakeven point. We will become profitable monthly basis after our first year. Break even analysis Particulars Amount(Rs) Sales 5040000 Variable cost 3252000 Contribution(sales-VC) 1788000 Fixed cost 1357500 Net profit 430500 Profit volume Ratio = (Contribution/sales)*100 = (1788000/5040000)*100= 35% BEP point (Rs) =Fixed cost/PV ratio = 1357500/35%= Rs.3826510 BEP Point (months) =BEP point (Rs)/monthly sales = 3826510/420000= 9.11 So we will take 9 months and 4 day to reach the break even sales Cash Flow Projections We will collect immediate payment from customer because we will not give credit to customer, so our cash flow statement will be substantially similar to our income statement. Our cash flow statement will clearly demonstrate our ability to cover all bills.

The Ethical Values of the Music Art of the Ancient Greeks: A Semiotic E

The Ethical Values of the Music Art of the Ancient Greeks: A Semiotic Essay ABSTRACT: Humanity requires for its satisfaction Beauty and Good, that is, love, wisdom, and courage. Put differently, the necessity of order, equilibrium, and harmony. These values ground one of the most elevated planes of the spiritual life: music. Its moral force in the education of the mind, soul, and behavior of the human person has been emphasized by the ancient Greek philosophers. This important message exists as a pattern crossing the centuries. I will try to reveal the unity  ¡Ã‚ ¥ethics ¡Ã‚ ¦/ethike -  ¡Ã‚ ¥music ¡Ã‚ ¦/melos by using the semiotic organon. Suggested by the very remarkable interest taken in the music in the works of the ancient Greek philosophers, our attempt ¡Xa semiotic attempt ¡Xwould succeed in getting us closer to the meaning of what is called "the ethos of music" in the civilization of ancient Greeks. The model of semiosis allows us the investigation of the  ¡Ã‚ ¥sign ¡Ã‚ ¦: music, in its structure, in its act and its functionality which means communication and signification. Thus we can identify  ¡Ã‚ ¥the music-sign ¡Ã‚ ¦ through the expression of the sense ¡Xthe sense that "is conceived as an evidence, as the feeling of comprehension, in a very natural way" (1) ¡Xand through the significance. Thus, our guidance implies  ¡Ã‚ ¥sign ¡Ã‚ ¦,  ¡Ã‚ ¥expression ¡Ã‚ ¦,  ¡Ã‚ ¥signification ¡Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¡Xthe triad that brings together the coordinates of semiosis; defined, it, by Charles S.Peirce through the cooperation of the sign, its object and its interpretant (2) and by U.Eco: "the process through which the empirical individuals communicate and the processes of communication become possible thanks to the systems of significance" (3). This semiosis is put in evidence by different semio... ...f. Th.Reinach, La musique grecque, Payot, Paris, 1926; C.Sachs, The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, W.W.Norton & Comp. Inc. New York, 1969. (11) Platon, Gorgias, in Opere, vol. I, Ed. Stiintifica si enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1975. (12) Th.Reinach, op. cit., p. 158. (13) Aristotel, Politica, Ed. Cultura Nationala, Bucuresti, 1924, p. 201. (14) W.Fleming, Arte si idei, Ed.Meridiane, Bucuresti, 1983, vol. I, p. 104. (15) C.Popescu, in vol. II, Partea 2, Filosofia greaca pina la Platon, Ed.Stiintifica si enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1979, p. 778. (16) Platon, Republica, in Opere, vol.V, Ed.Stiintifica si enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1986, p. 190. (17) Diogenes Laertios, Despre vietile si doctrinele filosofilor, Ed.Academiei Romane, Bucuresti, 1963. (18) Ch.Morris, Signs, Language and Behaviour, New York, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1946, p. 118.

Review Sheet Results Essay

1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. Your answer: Because outside a typical cell, the concentration of K+ is about 5mM and the concentration of Na+ is about 150 mM. When you increase the concentration of K+ from 5 to 25 mM and reduce concentration of Na+ from 150 to 130 mM, the outside has more concentration of K+. The membrane is permeable to a particular ion, that ion will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Because outside has more K+, the rate of diffusion is less. The resting membrane potential will become less negative. 3. Explain why a change in extracellular Na+ did not significantly alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron? Your answer: Because it did not effect the resting membrane potential. 4. Discuss the relative permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ in a resting neuron. Your answer: The resting membrane potential is really a potential difference between the inside of the cell (intracellular) and the outside of the cell (extracellular) across the resting permeability of the membrane to ions and on the intracellular and extracellular concentraions of those ions to which the membrane is permeable. Na+ and K+ are the most important ions, and the concentrations of these ions are established by transport protein, such as the Na+ -K+ pump, so that the intracellular Na+ concentration is low and the intracellular K+ concentraion is high. The ions will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 5. Discuss how a change in Na+ or K+ conductance would affect the resting membrane potential. Your answer: The resting period potential is a potential difference between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell across the membrane. It depends on the resting permeability of the membrane to ions and on the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of those ions to which the membrane is permeable. View as multi-pages

The late 19th and early 20th century essays

The late 19th and early 20th century essays The late 19th and early 20th century was a very extreme time for the United States, mainly in the differences between the rich and the poor. Which is my thesis statement for this research paper. During this era the poor got poorer and the rich got richer, rarely was there a middleclass population. The rich people never paid attention to the poor; they were only concerned with themselves and their well-being. In this paper I will support this thesis elaborately. The Gilded Age was a term used by Mark Twain to describe the late 19th century and the early 20th century. It brought change for the middle class people as well as the rich and poor (Hakim p. 9). Vacations became part of the lives of ordinary people for the first time. It was a time of extremes for the American population. During this era there were not many people who made a whole lot of money. 1914 was the first year that any Americans paid an income tax. Only 1 percent of Americans were rich enough to have to pay income tax (p. 60). Most of the rich people were politicians who were corrupt and full of greed. Fat-cat industrialists stuffed themselves on profits from high tariffs, while poor farmers were excluded from the good life (p. 61). This shows how the rich gained and the poor lost. During the Gilded Age the economy wasnt stable, it was weak and changed frequently. When money was short in supply people who had money to lend could charge a lot of interest to those who wanted to borrow it-even though the price of other goods were falling (p. 65). Another instance in which the rich was greatly different from the poor was during deflation. While the rich rarely had debts, the poor were in trouble. Because the poor usually borrowed money, deflation lowered their income but they still had to payback loans at interest rates based on the old higher prices (p. 66). The poor immigrants who came from other countries looking for a better life ...

Trans-national tourism corporation The WritePass Journal

Trans-national tourism corporation Introduction Trans-national tourism corporation Introduction  ReferencesRelated Introduction There are various of interpretations to what Trans-national Tourism Corporation means. However, this essay will suggest that Trans-national Tourism Cooperation (TNC) as Hampton (2011) suggested that it has been defined as large firms with subsidiaries in 2 or more countries. Hall suggested that TNCs are where the organisational behaviour ideas are an approach for marketing and promotion in the global market.   Mowforth and Munt states that 80% of mass tourism is dominated by TNCs and around 80% of tourists who travel by air to a less-developed country (LDC) will stay at hotels owned by TNCs. (Britton, 1991) TNCs benefits from vertical integration as it helps to reduce transaction cost because there is no ‘middle-man’ to deal with and the size of TNCs also mean that they will benefit from economies of scale.   TNCs are also known as   multinational companies. Tourism for the Trans-national co-operation is the centre point, and specifically more focused on Less Devel oping Countries. The first advantage of a TNC according to Mowforth and Munt Japanese Tourist arriving there from Tokyo. The tourist is transferred with a luxurious car Honda from the airport and stays at the Japanese owned Hotel as well as eats all the authentic Japanese food. However, travels back to Tokyo in the Hondo and explains that Japan is a good Third World destination. Furthermore, there could have been a BMW and an international hotel- but the point is argued that it is the main ownership that has made the benefit for the Tourism Industry. This now means that only the small proportion of the money is spent in the country itself so this connects to leakage as Mowforth and Munt adds that this does not just mean the purchase goods by the tourist in a destination also looks at goods and services by hotels and all other organisations. Leakage is not the main d of disadvantage for all financial aspects as Tourists itself but it is highly in use of Third World Countries. Mowforth and Munt say that the level of leakages is highly important the reason for this is this affects the economic power which is held by the TNCs for all local communities and government. What should be taken into account that due to not having a relevant collective data it is very difficult to calculate the leakage in a Tourist destination. Second advantage for a TNC in a poor country is having a TNC is powerful for the industrialisation especially for all the Asian countries where there needs to be rural development. Therefore, the government makes the farming prices quite low- and saves money; takes cheap food so the workers do not demand high wages. With the positive side to having a TNC this creates a good form of power for the poor people in LDCs as the TNCs clearly   know the wants and the basic needs of the poor people and making sure they are getting what they deserve. (Madeley, J. 2003) A general advantage for the TNCs is having more a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as this heavily benefits the Tourism factor. Nusa Dua in Bali is encouraging the TNCs to develop their restorts. FDIs are usually very good for funding for local or government projects that the country wants to run. This benefits Bali, by having a better economy, better jobs for the locals making Bali a better destination. This has helped Bali to succeed to be a better destination and improve its roads. This would mean more Tourists would now come into Bali and this will benefit them as a flourished economy. An disadvantage of a TNC reported by Pattullo in Mowforth and Munt (2005:51:-2)- this shows that there is a high level of leakage it is an overall of 50-70% but it states that for Jamaica it is 37% as this is known as more of a assorted economy therefore, the leakages here can be a lot lower then anywhere else. So this in general states that the money paid into the country never actually reaches the Third World Destination itself therefore, this is not a successful way for the country to expand economically. Another disadvantage is that all the First World Tourists who fly to a Third World Tourist destination- are mass tourists. The reason being for this is that they fly and possibly stay in a hotel which is TNS owned- these tourists may not form a mass or alternative tourism and may not be seeking for, adventure, wildlife and authenticity. This is not a huge factor but, mass tourism is becoming more of a straight focus however, they are being affected by the new, sustainable and alternative forms of tourists. An disadvantage of having a monopoly firm and the TNC being in control of this is being in contention with the mass tourism being contend of the Third World Tourism which often is different, and causes a lot of problems of dependency, and exchange leakages with under-developed economies by foreign owned enclaves.   (Brohman, J 1996) So the important aspect of this is that the TNC must address the issue of sustainability. Carothers in Mowforth and Munt   (1993:15) quoted that the final touches of the Earth Summit (agenda 21) the main focus was to remove the TNCs from the text of the Agenda 21. Agenda 21- is when there is aware of the environment being eco-friendly as well being sustainable. In the Third World Country it had to be clear that they knew what the term â€Å"multinational operate†. All the governments also needed to know what a Trans-national cooperation did for them was to gain more stability and have an increase in the legal rights. (Hamed, D 2005) The impact on all the human resources is an encouragement in employment and as the TNC has an increasing wage levels. The local firms- which are Tourism related (TNCs) make more connection with the suppliers and the distributors which makes a good business when they make the effort to have a better connection with the local suppliers and the distributors. However, there is no proof of how the TNC if they are crowding over the local firm. (Hamed, D 2005) Advantage of a TNC is that they are usually very small in most of the developing economies, because much of the involvement takes the non-equality forms. Some of the government assists the main development of the infrastructure itself. The new technology that can be introduced in a developing country and different management skills can make the Less Developing Country a lot better. (Hamed, D 2005) Another disadvantage stated by Mowforth and Munt is that the British tour operators are not aware of visiting Burma the reason being for the unawareness is purely the ethical reasons. As hotels were being built by the TNCs- Asia countries of: Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand, with also French and Swiss Interests were very involved. Tourism in Burma is a good example of with a lot of interest to the government itself. But in many Less Developed countries the government and the TNCs and the case of Burma itself (SPDC) enlisted the assistance of this body. However, the clarity of the human rights and the nature and the culture Tourism and the leaflets of the tourism companies will praise all its virtues. Mowforth and Munt acknowledge that it is very important that the understanding and the issue of power is transparent strong if the destination wants a development. The TNCs commonly under the impression that the community has a strong and that the locals are in work by the power for the rest of the national government. This is a case some but not all. But the policies of the national government itself are in some situations influenced by the external organisations. The policies for the development of tourism are largely suitable for profits and for First World investors rather then the communities and the government itself. Another strong case study to support this essay is that the FDI- has been considered towards a strong factor of the economic development. The TNCs in the imports industry especially for Argentina and Brazil, there has been a strong relation of the TNCs being involved in the manufacturing industry just before the recent FDI boom took place. (Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) The TNCs in Argentina and Brazil showed a significant amount of performance with a high level of technology and the productivity which was related to the TNCs. But, for the domestic market they wanted to take advantage of their own domestic markets itself. However, the TNCs did its best and used its own strategies for all different areas for all its economic development for the host country itself.There had been a huge number of arrivals of the FDI itself for all the presences of the TNCs as the economies increased in the 1990s. In this particular case Argentina and Brazil gained a very strong level with all the TNCs which were present. All the investments made by the TNCs aimed to increase all the assets, and with a better market. ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) As competition becomes more of a wider spread- the TNC then has simple integration strategies. All the TNC searches are done very effectively with a range of assets in all the different locations. More than 50% of the TNCs sales In Brazil as compared with the number of sales itself as these were hardly even 25% the figure seems significantly low. Since the Brazilian Industry- it is not a major surprise to find that the TNCs in the country are more of an export orientated then of Argentina itself. The TNCs within the groups are Tourist operated with a much of a generally larger coefficients in Argentina and Brazil. ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) suggests that the Brazilian Tourist Industry itself has much of a widespread the reason being for this is due to the number of linkages between the elements of being spread around than Argentina. In general this suggests that the TNCs have looked at the domestic market itself rather than the any of the human resources itself. This means that the TNCs have their goods that are more strategic in relationship to the firm’s performance at all national and regional level. In Argentina the TNCs clearly affect the imports and the exports. This is due to the relationship of all the sales and a result of a down side in the negative foreign trade balances. In Brazil similarly the TNCs for all the domestic firms are at a higher rate and grow incredibly faster. In Argentina and Brazil there has been an FDI (Foreign Directive Investment) which has helped the TNCs become more recognised as a main leader in Argentina and Brazil. The key linkages between the Foreign Directive Investment and The Foreign Trade show that the TNCs have had a bigger contribution than all the national firms itself. However, there is a higher chance for the imports with the local enterprises. From, the whole research of Brazil and Argentina the TNCs have had a lot less linkages with the local community itself then the domestic firms. From the research Brazil and Argentina has TNCs but with a reduce amount of linkages with the local community itself than the domestic firms. ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) In conclusion to this essay despite the fact the concerns over TNCs on the Less Developed Country having TNCs are very beneficial for a host country. Additionally, the government has to make sure that they are fully in power with this and this situation should not be changed around as the government should be powerful enough to help a host country. Every point that was discussed in this essay has some understanding to the aspect of the impacts and the implications of the TNCs in some LDCs. From the understanding of the TNCs it is felt that International Tourists tend to understand better to what TNCs do and how they will profit the Less Developed countries- due to the complications in an Less Developed Country not having enough educated people therefore, the International Tourists will look at the wider focus of the capitalist mode as the product if recognised can not be in separation. (Jenkins, R 1987)   References Brohman, J (1996) New Directions in Tourism for Third World Development (Online), 23 (1), 48-70 Available from: stepuptravel.org/downloads/library/new_directions_for_tourism_in_third_world.pdf (Accessed 23 March 2011) Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A (2004) Trans-national Corporations Strategies and Foreign Trade Patterns in Mercosur Countries in the 1990s (Online), Cambridge Journal of Economics 28 (5), 1-18, Available from: law.wisc.edu/gls/documents/foreign_investment_recommended2.pdf (Accessed 21 February 2011) Hamed, D (2005) What is Agenda 21? (Online). Avaliable from: lbhf.gov.uk/external/la21/index.htm (Accessed 20 March 2011) Hampton, M. (2011) Lecture Slide 6 on Trans-national Tourism Jenkins, R, Fist Edition (1987) Trans-national Corporations and Uneven Development. London Madeley, J. 2003 Transnational Corporations and Developing Countries Big Business Poor Peoples (Online) The Courier ACP-EU no 196 January-February 2003 Available from: (http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/publications/courier/courier196/en/en_036_ni.pdf) [Accessed 30 March 2011] Mowforth, M., and Munt, I Third Edition (2008) Tourism and Sustainability Development, Globalisation and New Tourism in the Third World War. Routledge, London Scheyvens, R. (2002) Tourism for Development. Prentice Hall, London. Harrison, D., (2001) Tourism and the Less Developed World. CABI, Wallingford.

Single Action Colt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Single Action Colt - Essay Example When the gun first came into production in 1873 (Mings, 2010, p. 1), it was designed with an elegant simplicity. The key principles that lie behind the design are admired as a model for the whole design process, because they encapsulate what it means to match up exactly the purpose of the object with its form. The metallic sound of four clicks indicates the four step process of design: click one is a preparatory move, setting in place a safety lock; click two is a half cock position which allows the cylinder to be rotated and the gun to be quickly loaded with multiple bullets; click three engages the cylinder with the barrel and the fourth click signifies that the gun is ready to fire. Safety, flexibility, commitment and readiness are therefore the four key design principles of the gun, and the four stages in its firing. (Mings, 2010, p. 1). The main reason for the popularity of the Single Action Colt is its functionality. It is a small and relatively light weapon, which is requires two hands to set up, but can be easily fired by one hand. This is a significant advantage over a two barrelled shotgun which is unwieldy, takes much longer to load, and fires only two cartridges each time it is loaded. The elegant simplicity of its design makes it reliable, which is a major consideration in a conflict situation. For law enforcers it has the advantage of being easy to store and to use, even on horseback. Its nicknames were â€Å"Peacemaker† and â€Å"Frontiersman† because it was so adaptable to the difficult conditions of the frontier trail. Classic battles such as the ones in â€Å"Stagecoach† (1939) â€Å"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral† (1957) and more recently â€Å"The Mummy† (1999) and â€Å"Kill Bill† (2003 and 2004) feature the Colt Single Action revolver (imfdb website, 2011). The illustrious history of this firearm extends far beyond the movies, however. This little revolver, nicknamed also the sixgun,

M-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

M-Commerce - Essay Example 25). In simple words, it can be defined as the process of carrying out business tasks using the Internet (Norton, 2001, p. 371). In their paper, Lee, Hu, & Yeh (2003) outline that in the past few years a large number of business organizations have decided to make changes to their existing e-commerce and m-commerce systems. For this purpose they have spent a lot of funds in their website structures and have an enhanced marketplace share through incorporating the facility and technology support for m-commerce (Lee, Hu, & Yeh, 2003). Without a doubt, in the past few years the trend of online social networking, music, business, and gaming is increasing and emerging in the digital content marketplaces and more than 70% of the web-based people have no credit card on the other hand they have a mobile phone. So this is a real fact behind this way of paying for the online purchase and the majority of business organizations has uniquely positioned this new idea, for this new and innovative business model, mobile technology structural and knowledge team capability to enable web and mobile business in the world to augment digital content sales, attainment latest consumers and marketplaces (IGI-Global, 2009). For example, the mobile payment method uses the technology that allows payment by mobile phone. This operation is carried out through the Near Field Communications or NFC. A Near Field Communications chip makes possible the small range wireless radio contact between the cell phone and the reader (in a related system to Oyster journey cards in London), which activates the payment. Bank or credit card particulars can be stocked up in a variety of methods; however the GSMA helps to maintain them on the mobile phone’s SIM card. In addition, the mobile phone can be taken anywhere, or consumers are able to type a pin code concerned in the mobile phone to allow larger